Miniatures of the Mariinsky Gospel (Codex Marianus) in the context of the Byzantaine book tradition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51216/Keywords:
Mariinsky Gospel, Glagolitic, Byzantine miniature, golden ratio, compositionAbstract
The Mariinsky Gospel (Codex Marianus) of the 11th century is the oldest Slavic Glagolitic Gospel, containing miniatures depicting the evangelists. It was brought to Russia from the Athos Monastery by the professor of the Kazan University and the Kazan Theological Academy V.I. Grigorovich in the 1840s. The value of the Mariinsky Gospel for Church historians, linguists and philologists has been repeatedly emphasized. His miniatures have been studied extremely insufficiently. Only a few researchers mention miniatures, calling them “unskillful” or made “rather roughly” (E.L. Nemirovsky). Their originality requires comprehension and comparison of the monument of Slavic origin with the Byzantine artistic heritage. In addition to artistic issues, the author considers the miniature creator’s special approach to composition. Miniatures of the Mariinsky Gospel continue the Byzantine tradition of creating miniatures with the evangelists, decorated with the image of an arch. The arch, both in ancient and Byzantine art, served not only as decoration and symbolic designation of a dedicated, sacred space, but also as a geometric landmark, proof of the presence of certain mathematical structures underlying the composition. The symbolism and architectonics of the miniatures containing arched motifs in the Byzantine illuminated gospels suggests that their composition is based on the strict application of mathematical methods (the spiral of the golden ratio and others). As a result of the study, the continuity of some artistic techniques is shown, which Christian art adopts from Antiquity, but reinterprets and makes evidence of Christian dogma.
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