Revisions of Theological schools before the educational reform of 1867
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51216/Keywords:
control and revision activities of the Holy Synod, Spiritual and educational management, reform of the theological education system, audits of theological schools.Abstract
The article presents a brief analytical review of the historical process of the formation of control and revision activities of the Holy Synod in relation to theological and educational institutions. The subject of the research is the revision activity of spiritual and educational institutions in the considered time frame. The principles of scientific objectivity and historicism made it possible to analyze the transformational processes and the procedure for conducting revisions of theological schools before the reform of 1867, to characterize the significance of theological academies in the development of secondary theological education in the first half of the 19th century. The study reveals the role of the reform of religious education at the beginning of the 19th century, carried out by M. M. Speransky with the active participation of the chief prosecutor A. N. Golitsyn, which contributed to the centralization of theological educational institutions, as a result of which members of academic boards audited theological seminaries. Prior to the reform of religious education, all religious educational institutions were directly subordinate to the diocesan bishops and acted in accordance with the provisions of the Spiritual Regulations. During the reign of Alexander II, the Educational Committee was created under the Holy Synod. A fundamental reform of the system of theological education took place, which changed the structure and range of tasks of the higher management of theological and educational institutions. A new procedure for control and revision activities was approved, and professional auditors who, had higher theological education and work experience in a theological and educational department, performed their activities in accordance with this procedure. As a result, it is shown that the formation of the system of theological education was an important component in the development of the national theological school in particular and theological science in general.
Downloads
References
1. Знаменский, П. В. Основные начала духовно-училищной реформы в царствование императора Александра I: речь, произнесенная в торжественном собрании Казанской академии по случаю празднования столетней годовщины рождения императора Александра I 12 декабря 1877 года / П. В. Знаменский. – Казань : Типография Императорского университета, 1878. – 42 с. – Текст : непосредственный.
2. Материалы для истории учебных реформ в России в XVIII–XIX веках : (прил. к «Очеркам по истории систем народного просвещения в России в XVIII–XIX веках». Т. 1) / сост. С. В.Рождественский при участии В. Г. Соломина и П. П. Тодорского. – Санкт-Петербург : Типография товарищества «Общественная Польза», 1910. – XVI, 397 с. – Текст : непосредственный.
3. Организация центрального управления духовными училищами. – Текст : непосредственный // Прибавление к Церковным ведомостям. – 1907. – № 51/52. – С. 2307–2327.
4. Сухова, Н.Ю. Реформы высшего православного духовного образования вРоссии во второй половине XIX века : специальность 07.00.02 «Отечественная история» : автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата исторических наук / Сухова Наталия Юрьевна ; Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет. – Москва, 2007. – 28 с. – Место защиты: Московский государственный гуманитарный университет. – Текст : непосредственный.
5. Извлечение из отчета по Ведомству духовных дел православного исповедания за 1841. – Санкт-Петербург : [б.и.], 1842. – [4], 104, 98, III с. – Текст : непосредственный.
6. Ферапонт (Широков), иером. Развитие среднего духовного образования в Вологодской епархии во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ в. : специальность «Церковная история» : диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата богословия / иеромонах Ферапонт (Широков Павел Федорович) ; Санкт-Петербургская духовная академия. – Санкт-Петербург, 2021. – 364 с. – Текст : непосредственный.
7. Надеждин, А. История Санкт-Петербургской православной духовной семинарии, с обзором общих узаконений и мероприятий по части семинарского устройства, 1809–1884 / сост. Александр Надеждин. – Санкт-Петербург : Синодальная типография, 1885. – [6], VI, 660 с. – Текст : непосредственный.
8. Сухова, Н.Ю. Высшая духовная школа: проблемы и реформы : (вторая половина XIX века) / Н.Ю. Сухова. – Москва : Православный Свято-Тихоновский Богословский Институт, 2006. – 658 с. – ISBN 5‑7429‑0133-X. – Текст : непосредственный.
9. Миропольский, С. И. 25‑летие Учебного комитета при Святейшем Синоде / С. И. Миропольский. – Текст : непосредственный // Церковные ведомости. – 1892. – №23. – С. 829–840.
10.Титлинов, Б. В. Духовная школа в России в XIX веке. В 2 вып. Вып. 2. Протасовская эпоха и реформы 60‑х годов / Б. В. Титлинов. – Вильна : Типография «Артель печатного дела», 1909. – 421 с. – Текст : непосредственный.
REFERENCES
1. ZnamenskyP. V. Osnovnye nachala dukhovno-uchilishchnoi reform v tsarstvovanie imperatora Aleksandra I: rech’, proiznesennaya v torzhestvennom sobranii Kazanskoi akademii po sluchayu prazdnovaniya stoletnei godovshchiny rozhdeniya imperatora Aleksandra I 12 dekabrya 1877 goda [The main origins of the theological and school reform in the reign of Emperor Alexander I: a speech delivered at the solemn meeting of the Kazan Academy on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the birth of Emperor Alexander I on December 12, 1877]. Kazan, Printing House of the Imperial University Publ., 1878, 42 p. (In Russian).
2. Materialy dlya istorii uchebnykh reform v Rossii v XVIII–XIX vekakh (prilozhenie k “Ocherkam po istorii system narodnogo prosveshcheniya v Rossii XVIII–XIX vekakh) [Materials for the history of educational reforms in Russia in the 18th–19th centuries (Appendix to “Essays on the history of public education systems in Russia in the 18th–19th centuries”)]. St.Petersburg, Printing House of the Partnership “Public Benefit” Publ., 1910, vol. 1, XVI, 397 p. (In Russian).
4. Sukhova N. Yu. Reformy vysshego pravoslavyogo dukhovnogo obrazovaniya v Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XIX veka. Avtoref. diss. … kand. istor. nauk [Reforms of higher Orthodox theological education in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Cand. hist. sci. diss. abstr]. Moscow, 2007, 28 p. (In Russian).
5. Izvlechenie iz otcheta po Vedomstvu dukhovnykh del pravoslavnogo ispovedovaniya za 1841 [Extract from the report on the Department of Spiritual Affairs of the Orthodox Confession for 1841]. St.Petersburg, 1842, [4], 104, 98, III p. (In Russian).
6. Ferapont (Shirokov), Hieromonk. Razvitie srednego dukhovnogo obrazovaniya v Vologodskoi eparkhii vo vtoroi polovine XIX – nachale XX v. Diss. kand. bogosl. [The development of secondary theological education in the Vologda diocese in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Cand. theol. diss.]. St.Petersburg, 2021, 364 p. (In Russian).
7. Nadezhdin A. Istoriya Sankt-Peterburgskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii, s obzorom obshchikh uzakonenii i meropriyatii po chaste seminarskogo ustroistva, 1809–1884 [History of the St.Petersburg Orthodox Theological Seminary, with a review of general legalizations and measures regarding the seminary device, 1809–1884]. St.Petersburg, Synodal Printing House Publ., 1885, [6], VI, 660 p. (In Russian).
8. Sukhova N. Yu. Vysshaya dukhovnaya shkola: problemy i reformy (vtoraya polovina XIX veka [Higher Theological School: Problems and Reforms (second half of the 19th century)]. Moscow, Orthodox St. Tikhon Theological Institute Publ., 2006, 658 p. (In Russian).
9. Miropolsky S.I. 25‑letie Uchebnogo komiteta pri Svyateishem Sinode [25th anniversary of the Educational Committee at the Holy Synod]. Tserkovnye vedomosti [Church Gazette]. 1892, no. 23, pp. 829–840. (In Russian).
10. Titlinov B. V. Dukhovnaya shkola v Rossii v XIX veke. Vypusk 2. Protasovskaya epokha i reform 60-kh godov [Theological school in Russia in the XIX century. Issue 2. Protasov era and reforms of the 60s]. Vilna, Printing house “Artel of Printing” Publ., 1909, 421 p. (In Russian).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
